Sixth Environment Action Programme

The EU defines the priorities and objectives of European environment policy up to 2010 and beyond and describes the measures to be taken to help implement its sustainable development strategy.

ACT

Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Sixth Environment Action Programme of the European Community, “Environment 2010: Our future, Our choice” [COM (2001) 31 final – Not published in the Official Journal].

SUMMARY

The Sixth Environment Action Programme of the European Community entitled “Environment 2010: Our Future, Our Choice” covers the period from 22 July 2002 to 21 July 2012. The programme is based on the Fifth Environment Action Programme, which covered the period 1992-2000, and on the decision regarding its review.

A strategic approach

This Communication makes it clear that meeting the challenges of today’s environmental problems means looking beyond a strictly legislative approach and taking a strategic approach. This approach requires the use of a whole range of instruments and measures to influence decisions made by business, consumers, policy planners and citizens. The Communication proposes five main avenues for strategic action: improving the implementation of existing legislation, integrating environmental concerns into other policies, working in partnership with business, empowering citizens and changing their behaviour, and taking account of the environment in land-use planning and management. Specific actions are proposed for each of these avenues.

To improve the implementation of the legislation, the following specific actions are outlined:

• support for the IMPEL network and its extension to the candidate countries;
• reporting on the implementation of environmental law;
• a “name, shame and fame” strategy on the implementation of environmental law;
• the improvement of standards for environmental inspection;
• initiatives to combat environmental crimes;
• pursuing action in the European Court to ensure implementation.

To integrate environmental concerns into other policies, the Communication proposes:

• establishing additional integration mechanisms;
• implementing the Treaty provisions on integration;
• the further development of indicators to monitor the integration process.

Working in partnership with business could involve:

• encouraging a wider uptake of the Community’s Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS);
• encouraging companies to publish their performance and to comply with environmental requirements;
• introducing company environmental performance reward schemes;
• encouraging voluntary commitments;
• establishing an integrated product policy;
• promoting the use and evaluating the effectiveness of the eco-lable scheme;
• the promotion of green procurement;
• the adoption of legislation on environmental liability.

To empower citizens and change behaviour, the following actions are suggested:

• helping citizens to benchmark and to improve their environmental performance;
• improving the quality of information on the environment.

To take account of the environment in land-use planning and management, the following actions are proposed:

• publishing a communication on the importance of integrating the environment into land-use planning and management;
• improving the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive;
• spreading best practice and fostering the exchange of experience on sustainable development, including urban development;
• including sustainable development in Community regional policy;
• boosting agri-environmental measures within the Common Agricultural Policy;
• developing a partnership for the sustainable management of tourism.

The Sixth Environment Action Programme focuses on four priority areas for action: climate change; biodiversity; environment and health; and sustainable management of resources and wastes.

Climate change

The Sixth Environment Action Programme recognises the fact that climate change poses the main challenge for the next ten years. The objective in this area is to reduce greenhouse gases to a level that will not cause unnatural variations of the earth’s climate.

In the short term, the European Union’s aim is to achieve the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol, i.e. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8% by 2008-2012 compared with 1990 levels. In the longer term, by 2020 it will be necessary to reduce these emissions by 20 to 40% by means of an effective international agreement.

Community efforts to meet the challenges of climate change will be varied:

• the integration of climate change objectives into various Community policies, in particular energy policy and transport policy;
• the reduction of greenhouse gases by means of specific measures to improve energy efficiency, to make increased use of renewable energy sources, to promote agreements with industry and to make energy savings;
• the establishment of an EU-wide emissions trading scheme;
• improved research on climate change;
• the improvement of the information provided to citizens on climate change;
• a review of energy subsidies and their compatibility with climate change objectives;
• preparing society for the impact of climate change.

Nature and biodiversity

The objective given in the Communication in this area is to protect and restore the structure and functioning of natural systems and halt the loss of biodiversity both in the European Union and on a global scale.

The actions proposed to achieve this objective are as follows:

• the implementation of environmental legislation, in particular in the areas of water and air;
• extension of the scope of the Seveso II Directive;
• coordination of Community Member States’ actions in the case of accidents and natural disasters;
• examination of the need to protect plants and animals from ionising radiation;
• protection, conservation and restoration of landscapes;
• protection and promotion of the sustainable development of forests;
• establishment of a Community strategy for the protection of the soil;
• the protection and restoration of marine habitats and the coast, and extension of the Natura 2000 network to include them;
• reinforcement of controls on labelling, monitoring and traceability of GMOs;
• the integration of nature conservation and biodiversity into commercial and development cooperation policies;
• the creation of programmes for gathering information on nature conservation and biodiversity;
• support for research in the field of nature conservation.

Environment and health

The objective described in the Communication in this field is to achieve a quality of the environment which does not give rise to significant impacts on, or risks to, human health.

The Communication proposes:

• identifying the risks to human health, including that of children and the elderly, and setting standards accordingly;
• introducing environment and health priorities into other policies and standards on water, air, waste and soil;
• intensifying research on health and the environment;
• developing a new system for the evaluation and the risk management of chemicals;
• banning or limiting the use of the most hazardous pesticides and ensuring that best practice is applied;
• ensuring the implementation of legislation on water;
• ensuring the application of air quality standards and defining a strategy on air pollution;
• adopting and implementing the Directive on Noise.

Management of natural resources and waste

The objective is to ensure that the consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources does not exceed the carrying capacity of the environment and to achieve a decoupling of resource use from economic growth through significantly improved resource efficiency and the reduction of waste. With regard to waste, the specific target is to reduce the quantity going to final disposal by 20% by 2010 and 50% by 2050.

The actions to be undertaken are as follows:

• the development of a strategy for the sustainable management of resources by laying down priorities and reducing consumption;
• the taxation of resource use;
• the removal of subsidies that encourage the overuse of resources;
• the integration of resource efficiency considerations into integrated product policy, eco-labelling schemes, environmental assessment schemes, etc.;
• establishing a strategy for the recycling of waste;
• the improvement of existing waste management schemes and investment in quantitative and qualitative prevention;
• the integration of waste prevention into the integrated product policy and the Community strategy on chemicals.

Thematic strategies

The action programme envisages the adoption of seven thematic strategies covering air pollution, the marine environment, sustainable use of resources, prevention and recycling of waste, sustainable use of pesticides, soil protection and urban environment.

These strategies are based on a global approach, by theme, rather than on certain pollutants or types of economic activity, as has been the case in the past. They set long-term objectives, based on the assessment of environmental problems and on the search for a synergy between the various strategies and with the Lisbon strategy’s growth and employment objectives. They also provide an opportunity to simplify and clarify existing legislation.

The international context

The integration of environmental concerns into all aspects of the European Union’s external relations is one of the Sixth Environment Action Programme’s objectives. This objective takes account of the prospect of European Union enlargement and suggests there should be an extended dialogue with the administrations in the candidate countries on sustainable development, and the establishment of close cooperation with the NGOs and business in these countries. The application of international agreements on the environment is strongly encouraged.

A solid scientific basis

The Sixth Programme proposes a new approach to the development of environmental measures so that the parties concerned and the general public are more involved in their application. This approach includes a broad dialogue and the participation of industry, NGOs and the public authorities.

The programme will be increasingly based on scientific and economic analyses and on environmental indicators. For this purpose, the Commission will work in close cooperation with the European Environment Agency.

RELATED ACTS

Commission Communication of 30 April 2007 on the mid-term review of the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme [COM(2007) 225 final – OJ C 181, 03.08.2007].

In its review the Commission evaluates the progress made so far positively, but is of the opinion that considerable efforts must still be made in order to achieve sustainable environmental development. Thus, the Commission is carrying out an evaluation of the four priority areas of the action programme. In the area of climate change, it concludes in particular that it is necessary to achieve the goals laid down in the Kyoto Protocol and by the European Council in March 2007, to develop the tools and technologies that will enable these goals to be achieved, to find sound and effective solutions that will win over the countries that are not bound by the Kyoto Protocol’s reduction targets or that are no longer participating in this process, as well as to make preparations for adapting to the inevitable consequences of climate change. As regards nature and biodiversity, the Commission particularly emphasises the importance of developing and extending the Natura 2000 network, putting an end to deforestation, in particular by combating the illegal timber trade, as well as protecting marine ecosystems against the effects of bottom-trawling. In the area of health, the Commission would like to see the effective implementation of Community initiatives, including the Water Framework Directive, the REACH Regulation, the strategy for air pollution and the proposal on pesticides. With regard to natural resources and waste, the Commission highlights the Thematic Strategy on Waste Prevention and Recycling and the Waste Framework Directive.

This review also lists strategic improvements in environment policy, which entails, in particular, improving international cooperation (through promoting sustainable development worldwide, developing “environmental diplomacy”, encouraging technology transfers, and so on), applying the “Better Regulation” principles to environment policy (by using market mechanisms, simplifying and reducing administrative costs, cooperating with interested parties, etc.), promoting the integration of environmental concerns into other policy areas (including agriculture, research, fisheries and transport), as well as improving the implementation and enforcement of the legislation.

Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme (OJ L 242, 10.9.2002).

This Decision establishes the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme. It lays down the objectives, timetables and priorities, the main avenues of the strategic approach and the four areas of action as described by the Communication on the Sixth Environmental Action Programme of the European Community, “Environment 2010: Our Future, Our Choice”. No more than four years after the adoption of this Decision, initiatives must be taken in each area of action. During the fourth year of operation of the Programme and upon its completion, the Commission is to submit assessment reports to the European Parliament and the Council.